cp

File Read

Context: sudo, suid, unprivileged

cp /path/to/input-file /dev/stdout

File Write

Context: sudo, suid, unprivileged

echo DATA | cp /dev/stdin /path/to/output-file

Privilege Escalation

Context: sudo, suid

cp /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file

Context: sudo, suid

cp --attributes-only --preserve=all /path/to/input-file /path/to/output-file